نشریه مدیریت محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Iran is located in the dry belt of the world and three-quarters of its area is dry and has been suffering from water shortage for a long time. Then, the environmental effects of water transfer from the Persian Gulf basin to the Central Plateau are studied. Environmental effects of desalination plants 2, which are part of the water transfer project, can be divided into four parts: 1- Construction of desalination system facilities 2- Effects of energy consumption 3- Dependence of desalination facilities To thermal energy 4- The entry of effluent from desalination water divided the marine environment. According to the calculations in this article, in order to produce 7500 tons of fish at direct risk of effluents, it is necessary to spend about 85.267.000.000 Tomans, of which 85 billion is only for the production of fish that are consumed by humans. On the other hand, according to the results of the article, the environmental disadvantages resulting from the construction and operation of the transfer plan between water basins outweigh its advantages. Alternative operational methods of water transfer plan include reuse of treated wastewater, collection of rainwater in watersheds and collection of atmospheric moisture, water conservation and management in agriculture, services, industry, etc. and finally. The advantages and disadvantages of wastewater reuse have been investigated.

In recent decades, optimal waste management has received much attention. Paying attention to eight obligatory elements for waste management and adopting policies for optimal management can reduce pollution on the environment and control many negative environmental, economic and social consequences.
results show that in the process of optimal waste management, while paying attention to eight obligatory elements, first avoidance and reduction of waste generation, reuse, focus on waste separation and in other stage such as storage, collection, transportation, processing and recycling, disposal and post-disposal care innovative and new measures can reduce harmful effects on the environment and, consequently, reduce types of pollution.
In the results of this study ,the steps taken in the optimal management of municipal waste by Tehran Municipal Waste Management Organization and its achievements in reducing pollution with the introduction of new technologies and changing the approach from landfilling to processing approach have been examined.

Proper management of plastic waste can play an effective role in protecting the environment and human health during the Coronavirus pandemic. Methodology was reviewing the available statistics in the field of plastic waste and medical waste in Asian countries and the metropolis of Tehran that as a case study investigated.
The results show that the rate of waste separation in the processing lines of AradKooh processing and disposal complex for nylon was 82 tons per day and plastic was 31 tons per day, which had a higher share than other items. The waste collection has decreased from 153 tons per day to 91 tons per day and the collection trend has decreased from 149 tons per day before the Coronavirus pandemic to 102 tons per day after the Coronavirus pandemic. On the other hand, after increasing of medical waste and plastic waste during pandemic achieving satisfactory performance depends on actions in the field of both medical waste management and plastic waste management.
Finally, the necessity and formulation of solutions such as developing instructions for waste separation, transportation and disposal, changes in packaging and the type of products used by people suggested.